when the ruler of that part of the Middle East, the Ottoman Empire, was defeated. The land was inhabited by a Jewish minority and Arab majority. Tensions between the two peoples grew when the international community gave Britain the task of establishing a "national home" in Palestine for Jewish people. For Jews it is told that it was their ancestral home, but Palestinian Arabs also claimed the land and opposed the move. Between the 1920s and 1940s, the number of Jews arriving there grew, with many fleeing from persecution in Europe and seeking a homeland after the Holocaust of World War Two. Violence between Jews and Arabs, and against British rule, also grew.

In 1947, the UN voted for Palestine to be split into separate Jewish and Arab states, with Jerusalem becoming an international city. That plan was accepted by Jewish leaders but rejected by the Arab side and never implemented. The soldiers of allied Arab Region forces fire on Jewish fighters of the Haganah, the Jewish Agency self-defense force in March 1948. On the same year, unable to solve the problem, British rulers left and Jewish leaders declared the creation of the state of Israel. Many Palestinians objected and a war followed. Troops from neighboring Arab countries invaded. Hundreds of thousands of Palestinians fled or were forced out of their homes in what they call Al Nakba, or the "Catastrophe". By the time the fighting ended in a ceasefire the following year, Israel controlled most of the territory. Jordan occupied land which became known as the West Bank, and Egypt occupied Gaza. Jerusalem was divided between Israeli forces in the West, and Jordanian forces in the East. Because there was never a peace agreement - with each side blaming the other - there were more wars and fighting in the following decades.
 In another war in 1967, Israel occupied East Jerusalem and the West Bank, as well as most of the Syrian Golan Heights, Gaza and the Egyptian Sinai peninsula. Most Palestinian refugees and their descendants live in Gaza and the West Bank, as well as in neighboring Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. Neither they nor their descendants have been allowed by Israel to return to their homes - Israel says this would overwhelm the country and threaten its existence as a Jewish state. Israel still occupies the West Bank, and although it pulled out of Gaza the UN still regards that piece of land as occupied territory. Israel claims the whole of Jerusalem as its capital, while the Palestinians claim East Jerusalem as the capital of a future Palestinian state. The US is one of only a handful of countries to recognize the city as Israel's capital.

In the past 50 years Israel has built settlements in these areas, where more than 600,000 Jews now live. Palestinians say these are illegal under international law and are obstacles to peace, but Israel denies this. What's happening now? Tensions are often high between Israel and Palestinians living in East Jerusalem, Gaza and the West Bank. Gaza is ruled by the Palestinian militant group Hamas, which has fought Israel many times. Israel and Egypt tightly control Gaza's borders to stop weapons getting to Hamas. Palestinians in Gaza and the West Bank say they are suffering because of Israeli actions and restrictions. Israel says it is only acting to protect itself from Palestinian violence. The threatened eviction of some Palestinian families in East Jerusalem has also caused rising anger.

Main problems – 
There are a number of issues which Israel and the Palestinians cannot agree on. These include: 1. What should happen to Palestinian refugees. 2. Whether Jewish settlements in the occupied West Bank should stay or be removed. 3. Whether the two sides should share Jerusalem; and 4. Perhaps most tricky of all - whether a Palestinian state should be created alongside Israel.

Peace talks have been taking place on and off for more than 25 years, but so far have not solved the conflict. What does the future hold? In short, the situation isn't going to be sorted out any time soon. The most recent peace plan, prepared by the United States when Donald Trump was president, was called "the deal of the century" by Israel's then-Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu. But it have been dismissed by the Palestinians as one-sided and never got off the ground. Any future peace deal will need both sides to agree to resolve complex issues.

The latest round of violence in May 2021 was the fourth big war between Hamas and Israel since 2008. A ceasefire was agreed on 21 May 2021 between Israel and the Palestinian militant group Hamas. It came after 11 days of fighting, which left at least 255 people dead. Most of those killed were Palestinians in the territory of Gaza. Israel and Hamas both claimed victory in the latest conflict. The violence in May followed a month of rising tensions in Jerusalem. But the fighting has gone on for decades.

WRF conclusions :
The world have seen previous wars end like this before: "Similar things have been said by both sides in claiming victory and then essentially the seeds for the next conflict are sown. " If the status quo does not change favorably to both sides with all kinds of give and take attitude, flexibility and tolerance for any permanent loss to any sides there will be another round of this."  Finally at any cost both the Israel and Palestine people have to live side to side till the last of the world hence no other way and therefore it is suggested to both to leave the enmity mentality once for all and live harmonious and at least avoid future wars nevertheless both couldn’t have the affinity and friendship with each other. The Palestinians must understand that if one Israelite is killed it leads to the loss of lives of nearly  10 or many more times and heaviest damages to the living places and properties of many poor on the other side always. This is the reality and realize the multi-level strength of the opposite party with the backing support of many international big brothers. Please think and act.